Fukushima nuclear plant operator to restart reactor at another plant, reviving safety concerns

TOKYO (AP) — The world’s largest nuclear power plant is set to restart Wednesday in north-central Japan for the first time since the 2011 Fukushima nuclear meltdown, as resource-poor Japan accelerates atomic power use to meet soaring electricity needs.

The first steps in energy production at the No. 6 reactor of the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant are important because the operator is Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, the same utility that runs the ruined Fukushima Daiichi plant. TEPCO's past safety issues at Fukushima have led to public worries about operations at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa plant, which also sits in an isolated, quake-prone region.

All seven reactors at Kashiwazaki-Kariwa have been dormant since a year after the Fukushima Daiichi plant on Japan’s northeastern coast was hit by a massive quake and tsunami in March 2011 and suffered meltdowns that contaminated the surrounding land with radioactive fallout so severe that some areas are still unlivable.

TEPCO is still trying to recover from the hit to its image, even as it works on a cleanup at Fukushima Daiichi that's estimated to cost 22 trillion yen ($139 billion). Government and independent investigations blamed the Fukushima debacle on TEPCO's bad safety culture and criticized it for collusion with safety authorities.

Fourteen other nuclear reactors have restarted across Japan since 2011, but this is the first TEPCO-run unit to resume production.

Residents near the plant welcome the potential economic and employment benefits but worry about nuclear safety and the feasibility of evacuation plans, especially after a major quake in the nearby Noto region two years ago.

Worries about safety issues

A restart of the No. 6 reactor at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa plant, about 220 kilometers (135 miles) northwest of Tokyo, could generate an additional 1.35 million kilowatts of electricity, enough to power more than 1 million households in the capital region.

All seven units were taken offline in 2012 as part of nationwide safety shutdowns after the Fukushima disaster, though they were unaffected by that quake and tsunami.

The Kashiwazaki-Kariwa plant was partially damaged in a 2007 earthquake, causing safety worries and distrust among locals. TEPCO responded by installing a quake-resistant command center at the compound in 2009.

No. 6 was one of the two reactors that had cleared safety tests in 2017, but faced an operational ban by the Nuclear Regulation Authority over serious safeguarding problems found in 2021. It finally got a greenlight in 2023.

The restart follows revelations of seismic data falsification by another utility during safety screenings of one of its reactors. That has angered regulation officials and shaken public confidence.

Evacuations would be difficult

Under a government draft evacuation plan, about 18,600 residents within a 5-kilometer (3-mile) radius of the plant would need to evacuate if there were radiation leak worries, while about 400,000 others in a wider zone would be asked to stay indoors.

The 2024 Noto quake caused only moderate damage to two idled reactors at the nearby Shika nuclear power plant. But the earthquake severely damaged roads and houses, making many places inaccessible and trapping thousands on the narrow peninsula.

Nuclear safety officials say that such damage could make existing evacuation plans largely unworkable.

Mie Kuwabara, who lives near Kashiwazaki and was at a recent protest outside TEPCO’s Tokyo headquarters, said information provided by the utility seems “one-sided ... and not enough” for residents.

Growing energy needs

Japan has reversed its post-Fukushima nuclear phaseout policy, citing the need for a stable and affordable energy supply, and the rising cost of fossil fuel imports after Russia’s war on Ukraine and other global conflicts.

Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi wants to maximize nuclear energy use by accelerating restarts of workable and safe reactors, extending their operational lifespan and building replacements as well as new reactors while developing next-generation models. She also wants to lower the use of Chinese-made solar panels.

Despite its population decrease, Japan expects growing energy needs from power-hungry AI data centers. Under new decarbonization targets released last year, Japan aims to more than double the share of nuclear power in the country’s energy mix to 20% by 2040.

The Kansai Electric Power Co. last year announced plans to start surveys toward constructing a new reactor for western Japan; this would be the first new unit since the Fukushima disaster.

Lessons from the Fukushima crisis

Since the Fukushima disaster, TEPCO has reinforced seawalls and added other safety features at Kashiwazaki-Kariwa.

Workers have made reactor buildings and other key facilities watertight, installed a reservoir for emergency water injection, mobilized a mobile cooling unit, and constructed filtered venting systems that can largely remove radioactive particles when gasses need to be released to prevent reactor damage.

TEPCO has spent more than 1 trillion yen ($6.33 billion) on safety measures.

When the restarted Kashiwazaki-Kariwa No. 6 reactor reaches 50% of its power output capacity, in about a week, it will be temporarily shut down for inspection, likely from late January to early February.

The reactor will then be reactivated for a full startup and commercial power generation in late February, TEPCO said.

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Associated Press video journalist Mayuko Ono contributed to this report.